Map showing the relationship between urbanization and crime rates.

The Geographical School in Criminology: How Environment Shapes Crime Rates

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Introduction The geographical or topographical school of criminology examines the influence of environmental and geographical factors on crime rates. This school of thought emerged from the idea that physical and social environments significantly shape human behavior, including criminal tendencies. Geographical criminology focuses on how elements such as climate, terrain, urbanization, and population density contribute to…

Example of urban planning to reduce crime

The Geographical Factor in Criminology: Understanding Crime Through Spatial Perspectives

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Introduction Criminology, as a multidisciplinary field, seeks to understand the causes, patterns, and prevention of crime. Among the many factors influencing criminal behavior, geography plays a critical role in shaping where, how, and why crimes occur. The geographical factor in criminology explores the spatial distribution of crime, highlighting the interplay between location, environment, and human…