A conceptual representation of Classical Criminology Theory. An Enlightenment-era philosopher, possibly Cesare Beccaria, is writing in a candlelit study filled with old books and a quill pen. In the background, silhouettes of crime and justice, including a courthouse and a scale of justice, symbolize rational choice and legal reforms.

What Is Classical Criminology Theory?

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Introduction to Classical Criminology Theory Classical criminology theory is a framework in criminology that emerged in the 18th century as a response to arbitrary and harsh criminal justice systems. It is based on the principles of free will, rational choice, and deterrence. This theory emphasizes that individuals commit crimes as a result of rational decision-making,…