Cesare Lombroso presenting his theory of born criminals

The Formative School: The Classical Formative School and the Modern Formative School

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The Formative School represents a pivotal paradigm in criminology, emphasizing the exploration of criminal behavior through biological, psychological, and sociological lenses. Emerging as a response to classical theories, this school of thought bridges scientific rigor with practical applications. By examining the origins and evolution of criminal tendencies, the Formative School has significantly contributed to understanding,…

Illustration representing modern criminology theories with justice and science

Evaluation of the Ideas of the Modern Formative School

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The modern formative school represents a pivotal evolution in criminology, bridging classical theories with contemporary understandings of crime and human behavior. Emerging as a response to the limitations of earlier criminological schools, the modern formative school integrates a multidisciplinary approach, blending elements from psychology, sociology, biology, and criminal policy. This article evaluates the core ideas…