A conceptual representation of Classical Criminology Theory. An Enlightenment-era philosopher, possibly Cesare Beccaria, is writing in a candlelit study filled with old books and a quill pen. In the background, silhouettes of crime and justice, including a courthouse and a scale of justice, symbolize rational choice and legal reforms.

What Is Classical Criminology Theory?

Introduction to Classical Criminology Theory Classical criminology theory is a framework in criminology that emerged in the 18th century as a response to arbitrary and harsh criminal justice systems. It is based on the principles of free will, rational choice, and deterrence. This theory emphasizes that individuals commit crimes as a result of rational decision-making,…

"A modern forensic laboratory with crime scene evidence, fingerprint analysis, and a criminologist analyzing data, highlighting the scientific nature of criminology and its connection to criminal sciences.

The Scientific Nature of Criminology and Its Relationship to Criminal Sciences

Introduction to the Scientific Nature of Criminology Criminology is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand crime, its causes, consequences, and control mechanisms. While traditionally associated with sociology, criminology has evolved into a scientific discipline that incorporates empirical research, statistical analysis, and theoretical frameworks to explain criminal behavior. Its scientific nature is grounded in systematic…

Widescreen illustration of Enrico Ferri in a scholarly study with books and legal documents, representing his criminological concepts.

Enrico Ferri’s concept of criminology

Introduction Criminology as a discipline is devoted to unraveling the mysteries of crime—its origins, its effects, and the best ways to address it. Enrico Ferri, an Italian criminologist and one of the founding figures of the positivist school of criminology, argued that criminal behavior could not be solely explained by the idea of free will….

Visualization of The Social Milieu School in Criminology emphasizing sociology and justice.

The Social School in Criminology and Its Branches: A Comprehensive Analysis

Introduction to the Social School in Criminology The Social School in criminology represents a pivotal framework in understanding crime and criminal behavior through the lens of social structures and interactions. Unlike other criminological schools that focus on biological or psychological factors, the Social School emphasizes the role of societal conditions, environments, and relationships in shaping…

Diagram illustrating Di Tullio’s criminal typology framework

Criminal Formation Theory by Di Tullio: A Comprehensive Analysis

criminality, the Criminal Formation Theory of Raffaele Garofalo Di Tullio stands out as a significant contribution. This theory, often referred to as the “Criminal Typology of Di Tullio,” presents a framework that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to classify and understand criminal behavior. This article delves into the depths of Di Tullio’s theory, exploring…

Contributions of Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo to Criminology

Contributions of Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, and Garofalo to Criminology

Introduction Criminology, as a scientific discipline, has undergone significant evolution since its inception. The 19th century witnessed a paradigm shift from philosophical and theological explanations of crime to empirical and scientific approaches. At the forefront of this transformation were three Italian scholars: Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, and Raffaele Garofalo. Together, they laid the foundations of…

The Relationship Between Criminal Policy and Criminology

How Criminology Shapes Modern Criminal Policy

Criminal policy and criminology are two interconnected disciplines that play a critical role in understanding, preventing, and responding to crime. While criminology is primarily concerned with the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and societal responses, criminal policy focuses on the practical strategies and measures adopted by governments and institutions to manage and reduce crime….

Garo Vallo's Contributions to Criminology

Garo Vallo’s Contributions to Criminology

Garo Vallo is a distinguished figure in the field of criminology, whose groundbreaking theories and innovative approaches have left a lasting impact on the study of crime and its underlying causes. As criminology has evolved into a multidisciplinary science, contributions like Vallo’s have enriched its theoretical and practical dimensions. This article delves into Garo Vallo’s…

Key Theories of Criminology: From Classical to Modern

Key Theories of Criminology: From Classical to Modern

Criminology has evolved through centuries, reflecting changes in societal values, scientific advancements, and philosophical approaches. This article explores the key theories that have shaped criminology, spanning from classical thought to modern interpretations, providing students and researchers with a comprehensive overview of the discipline’s theoretical foundations. 1. Classical Criminology The Classical School, emerging in the 18th…

The Role of Technology in Modern Criminology: AI and Data Analysis

The Role of Technology in Modern Criminology: AI and Data Analysis

The integration of technology into criminology has transformed how crime is studied, prevented, and resolved. Artificial intelligence (AI) and data analysis stand at the forefront of this transformation, providing tools that enhance efficiency and precision in crime-related investigations and policymaking. This article explores the impact of AI and data analysis on modern criminology, highlighting their…