Map showing the relationship between urbanization and crime rates.

The Geographical School in Criminology: How Environment Shapes Crime Rates

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Introduction The geographical or topographical school of criminology examines the influence of environmental and geographical factors on crime rates. This school of thought emerged from the idea that physical and social environments significantly shape human behavior, including criminal tendencies. Geographical criminology focuses on how elements such as climate, terrain, urbanization, and population density contribute to…

Visualization of The Social Milieu School in Criminology emphasizing sociology and justice.

The Social School in Criminology and Its Branches: A Comprehensive Analysis

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Introduction to the Social School in Criminology The Social School in criminology represents a pivotal framework in understanding crime and criminal behavior through the lens of social structures and interactions. Unlike other criminological schools that focus on biological or psychological factors, the Social School emphasizes the role of societal conditions, environments, and relationships in shaping…