A historical depiction of a 19th-century scholar analyzing facial features and skull shapes in a classic library setting, symbolizing early scientific studies on criminal behavior before the positivist school.

Early Scientific Interpretations Before the Positivist School : History of criminology

The study of crime and criminal behavior has long intrigued philosophers, theologians, and early scientists. Before the emergence of the positivist school in the 19th century, interpretations of criminal behavior were shaped by religious doctrines, philosophical inquiries, and nascent scientific approaches. These interpretations laid the groundwork for the evolution of criminology as a distinct field….