Cesare Lombroso in his study examining skulls – The Father of Criminology

The Father of Criminology: Cesare Lombroso and His Enduring Legacy

Who is Cesare Lombroso? Cesare Lombroso, often regarded as “The Father of Criminology,” was an Italian physician and criminologist who revolutionized the study of criminal behavior in the 19th century. His groundbreaking theories on criminal anthropology laid the foundation for modern criminology, introducing the idea that criminal tendencies could be biologically determined. Why is Cesare…

A historical timeline illustration of criminology evolution, featuring ancient justice systems, medieval courtroom trials, Cesare Beccaria’s reforms, 19th-century criminologists like Lombroso, and modern forensic investigations with DNA and AI technology.

The History of Criminology: A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction to Criminology and Its Historical Development Criminology, the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system, has evolved significantly over centuries. Understanding its historical development provides valuable insights into how societies have approached crime and justice. From early supernatural explanations to modern technological advancements, the history of criminology reflects broader social,…

Cesare Lombroso presenting his theory of born criminals

The Formative School: The Classical Formative School and the Modern Formative School

The Formative School represents a pivotal paradigm in criminology, emphasizing the exploration of criminal behavior through biological, psychological, and sociological lenses. Emerging as a response to classical theories, this school of thought bridges scientific rigor with practical applications. By examining the origins and evolution of criminal tendencies, the Formative School has significantly contributed to understanding,…

Image reflecting the academic theme of the essay on the historical journey of criminology.

The Historical Journey of Criminology: From Early Theories to the Positivist School

The study of criminology has evolved over centuries, mirroring the broader progress of human thought and scientific discovery. At its core, criminology seeks to understand the causes, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior—an endeavor that has been shaped by diverse philosophical, religious, and scientific perspectives. As societies grappled with the challenges of crime and deviance,…