Map showing the relationship between urbanization and crime rates.

The Geographical School in Criminology: How Environment Shapes Crime Rates

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Introduction The geographical or topographical school of criminology examines the influence of environmental and geographical factors on crime rates. This school of thought emerged from the idea that physical and social environments significantly shape human behavior, including criminal tendencies. Geographical criminology focuses on how elements such as climate, terrain, urbanization, and population density contribute to…

Visualization of The Social Milieu School in Criminology emphasizing sociology and justice.

The Social School in Criminology and Its Branches: A Comprehensive Analysis

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Introduction to the Social School in Criminology The Social School in criminology represents a pivotal framework in understanding crime and criminal behavior through the lens of social structures and interactions. Unlike other criminological schools that focus on biological or psychological factors, the Social School emphasizes the role of societal conditions, environments, and relationships in shaping…

A visual representation of psychological defense mechanisms and their role in preventing criminal behavior. Psychoanalytic School: The Protective Psychology

Psychoanalytic School: The Protective Psychology School : Criminology

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Criminology, as a multidisciplinary field, relies heavily on psychological theories to interpret and address criminal behavior. Among the influential psychological schools that have shaped criminology are the Psychoanalytic School and the Protective Psychology School. These schools differ in their focus and methodology but share a common goal: understanding and mitigating criminal behavior. This article explores…

Conceptual illustration of a safe and supportive environment for youth, emphasizing community and positive growth.

Protective Psychology School in Criminology

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Introduction Criminology, the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior, has evolved through the years by incorporating insights from various disciplines, including psychology. Among the many approaches in criminology, the Protective Psychology School stands out for its emphasis on preventive measures and understanding psychological factors that contribute to criminal behavior. This school of thought is…

Diagram illustrating Di Tullio’s criminal typology framework

Criminal Formation Theory by Di Tullio: A Comprehensive Analysis

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criminality, the Criminal Formation Theory of Raffaele Garofalo Di Tullio stands out as a significant contribution. This theory, often referred to as the “Criminal Typology of Di Tullio,” presents a framework that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to classify and understand criminal behavior. This article delves into the depths of Di Tullio’s theory, exploring…

Illustration of Enrico Ferri, the pioneer of the theory of multiple causes in criminology

Theory of Multiple Causes: Enrico Ferri

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Introduction The field of criminology has evolved over centuries, with multiple theorists contributing to its development. One of the prominent figures in modern criminology is Enrico Ferri, an Italian criminologist, sociologist, and politician. Ferri’s theory of multiple causes represents a significant departure from earlier deterministic approaches, such as Cesare Lombroso’s biological determinism. Ferri emphasized the…

Cesare Lombroso presenting his theory of born criminals

The Formative School: The Classical Formative School and the Modern Formative School

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The Formative School represents a pivotal paradigm in criminology, emphasizing the exploration of criminal behavior through biological, psychological, and sociological lenses. Emerging as a response to classical theories, this school of thought bridges scientific rigor with practical applications. By examining the origins and evolution of criminal tendencies, the Formative School has significantly contributed to understanding,…

Illustration representing modern criminology theories with justice and science

Evaluation of the Ideas of the Modern Formative School

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The modern formative school represents a pivotal evolution in criminology, bridging classical theories with contemporary understandings of crime and human behavior. Emerging as a response to the limitations of earlier criminological schools, the modern formative school integrates a multidisciplinary approach, blending elements from psychology, sociology, biology, and criminal policy. This article evaluates the core ideas…

Modern Formation School in Criminology A Comprehensive Overview

Modern Formation School in Criminology

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The Modern Formation School in criminology represents a significant evolution in the study of criminal behavior. By emphasizing the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociological factors, this school of thought seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of crime and its underlying causes. Within this framework, two prominent theories stand out: the Criminal Formation Theory by…

Lombroso's Theory and Its Evaluation: A Historical Insight into the Classical Formation School of Criminology
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Lombroso’s Theory and Its Evaluation: A Historical Insight into the Classical Formation School of Criminology

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Introduction The Classical Formation School of criminology marks a significant turning point in understanding crime and criminal behavior. Among its most influential contributors was Cesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and criminologist whose theories profoundly shaped the early development of the field. Lombroso introduced the idea that criminality was biologically determined, challenging the classical view that…