Introduction to Criminology and Its Historical Development Criminology, the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system, has evolved significantly over centuries. Understanding its historical development provides valuable insights into how societies have approached crime and justice. From early supernatural explanations to modern technological advancements, the history of criminology reflects broader social,…
Introduction To Definition of criminology Criminology is a dynamic and multifaceted discipline that seeks to understand crime, its causes, and its effects on society. While the term “criminology” broadly refers to the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior, its definition can be interpreted in both broad and narrow senses. The broad concept of criminology…
Economic factors play a fundamental role in shaping societies, influencing criminality, and determining social stability. Criminology examines how economic conditions such as poverty, unemployment, and income inequality contribute to crime rates. These factors influence both individual behavior and systemic criminal trends, making economic conditions a key area of study in understanding crime. This article explores…
Introduction: The Psychoanalytic School and the Realistic Psychological School Criminology, the study of crime and criminal behavior, is a multidisciplinary field that draws from psychology, sociology, and law. Two of the most influential psychological schools in criminology are the Psychoanalytic School, which emphasizes the unconscious mind and internal conflicts, and the Realistic Psychological School, which…
Crime and criminality have been studied extensively in criminology, with scholars seeking to understand the factors that contribute to unlawful behaviors. While crime is often seen as an individual act, criminality as a broader concept can be viewed as a collective phenomenon shaped by societal, economic, and cultural factors. This article examines the distinction between…
Introduction: Differential Association Theory Differential Association Theory is one of the most influential theories in criminology. Developed by Edwin Sutherland, this theory provides a sociological perspective on criminal behavior, arguing that crime is learned through social interactions rather than being an inherent trait. This theory is particularly relevant in understanding various types of criminal activities,…
Introduction to Cultural Conflict Theory Cultural Conflict Theory is a sociological perspective that explains crime as a result of clashes between different cultural groups, particularly those with conflicting norms, values, and laws. This theory suggests that legal systems often reflect the values of the dominant cultural group, leading to the criminalization of behaviors practiced by…
Introduction to Ecological Theory The ecological theory in criminology examines how environmental and societal factors contribute to criminal behavior. Rooted in sociology and urban studies, this theory suggests that crime is not solely an individual act but is significantly influenced by the surroundings in which people live. This perspective is particularly relevant in analyzing crime…
The American Social School in criminology has significantly contributed to understanding criminal behavior through sociological perspectives. This school of thought emphasizes the impact of environmental, cultural, and social interactions on individuals’ propensity for crime. Among the most influential theories within this school are the Ecological Theory, Cultural Conflict Theory, and Differential Association Theory. These theories…
Cesare Lombroso, often referred to as the father of modern criminology, introduced groundbreaking theories that transformed the understanding of criminal behavior. His seminal work, The Criminal Man (L’uomo Delinquente), published in 1876, marked a pivotal shift from classical criminology to a scientific approach based on biological determinism. Lombroso’s theory suggested that criminality is inherited and…